The Torah: A Mechanical Translation (Book)Ī new and unique word-for-word translation offering a literal and faithful translation in English.
Benner's ebook, A Mechanical Translation of Genesis.
#Textual criticism of the bible free#
Sign up for our mail list and get a free study pack that includes Mr. Notice that the letters in these two Hebrew words can be found within all three of the versions listed above בני ישר אל (Aleppo Codex), בני אלוהים (Dead Sea Scroll) and בני אל (Hebrew translation of the Septuagint). The consensus among scholars is that the original reading is בני אל (sons of El). The process of textual criticism compares these various readings to make a determination of which reading is the original. Greek Septuagint - αγγελων θεου (angels of God-matching the YLT)Įach of these manuscripts is copying from a Hebrew source that differs from each other.Dead Sea Scrolls - בני אלוהים (sons of God-matching the RSV).Aleppo Codex - בני ישראל (children of Israel-matching the KJV).These differences can be solved by examining the different ancient texts to determine which one the translator was using for this verse. Young's Literal Translation - ".angels of God".Revised Standard Version - ".sons of God".King James Version - ".children of Israel".All of the English translations begin pretty much the same " When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance, When He separated the sons of man, He set the boundaries of the peoples According to the number of the." However, different translations have different renderings for the end of this verse. When we compare different English translations of Deuteronomy 32:8, we find very different readings. However, when we examine this passage in the Greek Septuagint translation, we find the missing words " and Cain said to his brother Abel, Let us go out into the plain, and it came to pass that they were in the plain Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him." It appears that the Septuagint is working from a Hebrew manuscript that includes Cain's speech, while the Aleppo codex is working from a Hebrew manuscript that is missing the speech.
In the Hebrew Aleppo codex this passage reads " And Cain said to his brother Abel, and it came to pass that they were in the field and Cain rose up toward his brother Abel and killed him." Missing from this passage is what Cain said to Abel and appears to be an accidental omission on the part of a scribe. Genesis 4:8 provides a simple example of how this process works.
When the various Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Latin manuscripts of the Bible are compared, a process called Textual Criticism we often find variations in how these manuscripts read. Many Bible readers often wonder why different translations of the Bible have very different readings of the text.
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